Abstract
Abstract/Hauptbeschreibung
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Relationships between agriculture and rural societies raise controversies that question development models. Dichotomous views
dominate the debate: small and large structures, inclusive or exclusive of agriculture, etc. This paper identifies how concepts
of integration and segregation provide original theoretical tools for entering into these debates in depth. The theoretical
framework was tested on the case of New Caledonia, through an analysis of rural development policies. This emblematic example
of a colonial settlement is interesting. It offers public policies based on segregated models of development, but which pursue,
at the same time, the global objective of overcoming the historical segregation between communities, land-use, etc. A field
study enabled the authors to highlight the strategic dimension of the segmentation of development policies and territories.
On a local scale, a study of Kanak development strategies showed that the boundaries between these different kinds of development
territories are places where new development models and innovations can arise. Despite some limitations, the theoretical framework
was particularly suited to understanding the historical and current transformations of the archipelago and offered original
prospects for generalization. Mainly, the heuristic strength of the framework was not based on opposition, but on the identification
of connections between integration and segregation.
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