Descrizione principale (Inglese)

Garments are an integral part of our daily life. They should be not only fashionable, but also practical and comfortable. The comfort of our clothing is taken care of by the designers and technologists who recreate the constructive solutions of the model in comfortable fashion collections. Operators in textile production, textile technicians and fabric designers are responsible for the quality of textile surface products. But the most important thing is that the fabric from which the garment is made should be produced in good quality. In the specialized literature, there are known sources that consider defects in the appearance of fabrics. On the one hand, these are textbooks and monographs, and on the other hand, standards and other normative documents. As part of the overall quality of fabrics, defects in appearance occupy a special place. The other properties such as areal mass, strength or surface resistance are due to the machine settings of the textile machines and appear as deterministic functions of the interplay between the working organs and the textile raw materials. For example, the areal mass of a fabric depends on the linear density of the weft and the weft packing. These properties are probabilistically described by a normal distribution. Defects in the appearance of the fabrics are due to sudden and accidental breakdowns in the machines that go out of the normal mode of operation. They appear as rare events and are described by random functions of their distribution. The random nature of the reasons for their appearance and the determining importance for the quality of the fabric require a strict definition of the defects as causes, type and impact. In the known literature, defects in appearance are presented with extensive descriptions but no classification, or with names resembling technological jargon and a narrow local distribution. In any case, it is periodically necessary to update the description of the defects and their reference to modern textile techniques. The subject of the article is the description of defects in the appearance of fabrics according to the type of fabrics: woven or knitted, according to the technological stage: spinning, weaving, knitting, dyeing and finishing, and according to the impact on the general quality of the sewing products. The purpose of the development is the compilation of a modern catalogue with the main defects and the corresponding description, as well as the necessary references for prevention and impact assessment. Tasks include literature research, technological observations, specimen collection, cataloguing and de scription. Keywords: qualty, fabrcs, defects, appearance, catalogue