Citazione non strutturata

American Psychological Association (APA) (2024). Guidelines on the use of AI in psychological practice. Washington, DC: Author.

Citazione non strutturata

Andolfi M. (2003). Il terapeuta familiare. Roma: Carocci.

Citazione non strutturata

Balan R., Dobrean A., Poetar C.R. (2024). Use of automated conversational agents in improving young population mental health: A scoping review. npj Digital Medicine, 7: 75.

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-024-01072-1

Citazione non strutturata

Barak A., Hen L., Boniel-Nissim M., Shapira N. (2008). A comprehensive review and a meta-analysis of the effectiveness of internet-based psychotherapeutic interventions. Journal of Technology in Human Services, 26: 109-160.

https://doi.org/10.1080/15228830802094429

Citazione non strutturata

Beatty L., Lambert S., Cheung Y.B., Jibb L., Aggarwal J. (2022). Evaluating the therapeutic alliance with a free-text CBT conversational agent (Wysa): A mixed-methods study. Frontiers in Digital Health, 4:

https://doi.org/10.3389/fdgth.2022.847991

Citazione non strutturata

Beebe B., Lachmann F.M. (2002). Infant research and adult treatment: Co-constructing interactions. Hillsdale, NJ: The Analytic Press (trad. it.: La mente interattiva. Dall’infanzia alla psicoanalisi. Milano: Raffaello Cortina, 2008).

Citazione non strutturata

Bender E.M., Gebru T., McMillan-Major A., Shmitchell S. (2021). On the dangers of stochastic parrots: Can language models be too big? In Proceedings of the 2021 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency (FAccT ‘21) (pp. 610–623). New York: ACM.

https://doi.org/10.1145/3442188.3445922

Citazione non strutturata

Boscolo L., Cecchin G., Hoffman L., Penn P. (1987). Milano: La terapia sistemica in evoluzione. Torino: Bollati Boringhieri.

Citazione non strutturata

Boscolo L., Bertrando P. (1993). La terapia sistemica individuale. Torino: Bollati Boringhieri.

Citazione non strutturata

Bubeck S., Chandrasekaran V., Eldan R., Gehrke J., Horvitz E., Kamar E., Lee P., Lee Y.T., Li Y., Lundberg S., Nori H., Palangi H., Ribeiro M.T., Zhang Y., (2023). Sparks of artificial general intelligence: Early experiments with GPT-4. arXiv preprint arXiv:2303.12712.

Citazione non strutturata

Cecchin G. (1992). Irreverence: A strategy for therapists’ survival. London: Karnac.

Citazione non strutturata

Cheng J., Tsai C. (2017). Therabot: Development of an empathic chatbot for mental health support. In Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 1235–1242). New York: ACM.

Citazione non strutturata

Consiglio Nazionale dell’Ordine degli Psicologi (CNOP) (2023). Linee di indirizzo sull’uso dell’intelligenza artificiale in psicologia. Roma: CNOP.

Citazione non strutturata

Draelos R.L., Afreen S., Blasko B., Brazile T.L., Chase N., Desai D.P., Evert J., Gardner H.L., Herrmann L., House A., Vaikom K., Stephanie K., Kavan M., Khemani K., Koire A., McDonald L.M., Rabeeah Z., Shah A. (2026). Large language models provide unsafe answers to patient-posed medical questions. NPJ Digital Medicine, 9: 241.

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-026-02428-5

Citazione non strutturata

Elkaïm M. (2004). The feelings of the psychotherapist: Systemic approach and resonance. Journal of Family Therapy, 26: 123-140.

10.1037/0033-295X.114.4.86

Citazione non strutturata

Eubanks C.F., Muran J.C., Safran J.D. (2018). Alliance rupture repair: A meta-analysis. Psychotherapy, 55: 508-519.

https://doi.org/10.1037/pst0000185

Citazione non strutturata

European Parliament & Council (2024). Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 July 2024 laying down harmonised rules on Artificial Intelligence (Artificial Intelligence Act). Official Journal of the European Union. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1689/oj

Citazione non strutturata

Fang C.M., Liu A.R., Danry V., Lee E., Chan S.W.T., Pataranutaporn P., Maes P., Phang J., Lampe M., Ahmad L., Agarwal S. (2025). How AI and human behaviors shape psychosocial effects of extended chatbot use: A longitudinal randomized controlled study. arXiv preprint arXiv:2503.17473, 1-24.

https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8148142/v1

10.2196/13216

Citazione non strutturata

Flückiger C., Del Re A.C., Wampold B.E., Horvath A.O. (2018). The alliance in adult psychotherapy: A meta-analytic synthesis. Psychotherapy, 55: 316-340.

https://doi.org/10.1037/pst0000172

Citazione non strutturata

Fulmer R., Joerin A., Gentile B., Lakerink L., Rauws M. (2018). Using psychological artificial intelligence (Tess) to relieve symptoms of depression and anxiety: Randomized controlled trial. JMIR Mental Health, 5: 64.

https://doi.org/10.2196/mental.9782

Citazione non strutturata

Gallagher S. (2000). Philosophical conceptions of the self: Implications for cognitive science. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 4: 14-21.

https://doi.org/10.1016/S1364-6613(99)01417-5

10.2196/1416

Citazione non strutturata

Grand View Research (2024). Mental health apps market size, share & trends analysis report, 2024–2033. San Francisco: Grand View Research.

Citazione non strutturata

Hertz D., Raveendhran R. (2023). Large language models and the psychology of persuasion. Harvard Business Review, 101: 88-97.

Citazione non strutturata

High-Level Expert Group on AI (HLEG) (2019). Ethics Guidelines for Trustworthy AI. Brussels: European Commission.

10.2196/4386

Citazione non strutturata

Lini G., Bertrando P. (2020). Finding one’s place: Emotions and positioning in systemic-dialogical therapy. Journal of Family Therapy, 42: 498-514.

https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6427.12267

Citazione non strutturata

Lopez A., Schwenk S., Schneck C.D., Griffin R.J., Mishkind M.C. (2019). Technology-based mental health treatment and the impact on the therapeutic alliance. Current Psychiatry Reports, 21: 76.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-019-1055-7

Citazione non strutturata

Mozilla Foundation (2023). Privacy Not Included: Mental health apps. Mountain View. CA: Mozilla Foundation.

Citazione non strutturata

NICE (2025). Early Value Assessment: Wysa for depression and anxiety in adults. London: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence.

Citazione non strutturata

Osservatorio Artificial Intelligence - Politecnico di Milano (2024). Il mercato dell’AI in Italia 2024. Milano: Politecnico di Milano.

10.2196/17430

Citazione non strutturata

Politecnico di Milano - Osservatorio Sanità Digitale (2024). Sanità digitale 2024: Cittadini e generative AI in sanità. Milano: Politecnico di Milano.

Citazione non strutturata

Przybylski A.K., Murayama K., DeHaan C.R., Gladwell V. (2013). Motivational, emotional, and behavioral correlates of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior, 29: 1841-1848.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.02.014

Citazione non strutturata

Rollwage M., Habicht J., Juchems K., Carrington B., Hauser T.U., Harper R. (2024). Conversational AI facilitates mental health assessments and is associated with improved recovery rates. BMJ Innovations, 10: 1-2.

https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjinnov-2023-001110

Citazione non strutturata

Safran J.D., Muran J.C. (2000). Negotiating the therapeutic alliance: A relational treatment guide. New York: Guilford Press.

Citazione non strutturata

Salvi F., Ribeiro M.H., Gallotti R., West R. (2025). On the conversational persuasiveness of GPT-4. Nature Human Behaviour, 9.

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-025-02194-6

Citazione non strutturata

Schore A.N. (2012). The science of the art of psychotherapy. New York: W. W. Norton (trad. it.: Affetti e regolazione dello sviluppo del sé. Milano: Raffaello Cortina, 2008).

Citazione non strutturata

Stanford Institute for Human-Centered AI (HAI) (2025). Safety and appropriateness of therapy chatbots: Report 2025. Stanford: Stanford University.

Citazione non strutturata

Stern D.N. (1985). The interpersonal world of the infant. New York: Basic Books (trad it: Il mondo interpersonale del bambino. Torino: Bollati Boringhieri, 1987).

Citazione non strutturata

Tomm K. (1987). Interventive interviewing: Part III. Intending to ask lineal, circular, reflexive, or strategic questions. Family Process, 26: 167-183.

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1545-5300.1987.00167.x

Citazione non strutturata

Turkle S. (2011). Alone together: Why we expect more from technology and less from each other. New York: Basic Books.

Citazione non strutturata

Vaswani, A., Shazeer, N., Parmar, N., Uszkoreit, J., Jones, L., Gomez, A. N., Kaiser, L., & Polosukhin, I. (2017). Attention is all you need. In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (Vol. 30, pp.5998–6008). Curran Associates.

Citazione non strutturata

Wind T.R., Rijkeboer M., Andersson G., Riper H. (2020). The COVID-19 pandemic: The “black swan” for mental health care and a turning point for e-health. Internet Interventions, 20: 100317.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2020.100317

Citazione non strutturata

Zhong W., Luo J., Zhang H. (2024). The therapeutic effectiveness of artificial intelligence-based chatbots in alleviation of depressive and anxiety symptoms in short-course treatments: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 356: 459-469.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2024.04.057

Citazione non strutturata

Zhou X., Li Y. (2023). Cognitive empathy in large language models: Capabilities and limits. Computational Linguistics, 49: 987-1012.