THIS DOI METADATA WAS LAST UPDATED: 2024-01-10 23:05
Full Title
SETTING
Publisher
FrancoAngeli
ISSN
1124-3899 (Printed Journal)
1972-5175 (Online Journal)
Journal Issue Number
44
Journal Issue Designation
44
Journal Issue Date
2020
Full Title
Il "Progetto" di Freud: la connessione mente-cervello rivisitata
By (author)
First Page
5
Last Page
30
Language of text
Italian
Publication Date
2021/03
Copyright
2020 FrancoAngeli srl
Introduction or preface
Il testo di Freud Progetto per una psicologia scientifica (1895) riflette il suo ten-tativo di spiegare i fenomeni psichici in termini neurobiologici, motivato dalla scoperta del neurone avvenuta da poco. La sua ipotesi fondamentale era che i neuroni fossero veicoli per la conduzione di "correnti" o "eccitazioni" e che fossero connessi tra loro. Utilizzando questo modello, Freud ha tentato di descrivere una serie di fenomeni mentali, tra cui coscienza, percezione, affetti, Sé, processi cognitivi, sogno, memoria e formazione del sintomo. Tuttavia, non fu in grado di completare l'esplorazione di tali processi mentali in quanto, all'epoca, mancavano le informazioni e la tecnologia necessarie che sarebbero diventate disponibili nel secolo successivo. Infatti, tecniche quali la risonanza magnetica funzionale (fMRI), la tomografia ad emissione di positroni (PET), l'elettroencefalogramma (EEG), nonché scoperte quali le sinapsi, le reti neurali, i fattori genetici, i neurotrasmettitori e i circuiti discreti del cervello avrebbero facilitato una significativa espansione delle conoscenze sui fenomeni mente-cervello. Tutto questo materiale scientifico ha portato allo sviluppo di efficaci trattamenti farmacologici per la schizofrenia, i disturbi dell'umore e l'ansia. Non solo, ora posso-no essere misurate le variazioni della funzionalità del cervello che riflettono il buon esito dei trattamenti farmacologici e psicoterapeutici. Nonostante questi progressi, la comprensione del rapporto tra le funzioni di mente e cervello rimane limitata. Oltre un secolo dopo la pubblicazione del Progetto non è ancora completamente compresa la neurobiologia sottostante i fenomeni della coscienza, dell'inconscio, delle sensazioni, dei pensieri e della memoria. Possiamo aspettarci di arrivare ad un'integrazione più completa della mente e del suo substrato neurobiologico tra un secolo? Lo scopo di questo articolo è quello di aggiornare la nostra conoscenza della neurobiologia associata alle specifiche funzioni mentali che Freud esaminò nel Progetto, nonché di porre domande riguardanti i fenomeni mente-cervello che si spera troveranno risposte in futuro.
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