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THIS DOI METADATA WAS LAST UPDATED: 2025-06-26 08:57
Cite as
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Full Title
ECONOMICS AND POLICY OF ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
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Publisher
FrancoAngeli
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ISSN
2280-7659 (Printed Journal)
2280-7667 (Online Journal)
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Journal Issue Number
1
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Journal Issue Designation
1
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Journal Issue Date
2025
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Full Title
Heterogeneous impacts of climate agreements: Empirical insights into Kyoto and Paris Commitments
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By (author)
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First Page
37
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Last Page
63
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Language of text
English
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Publication Date
2025/06
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Copyright
2025 FrancoAngeli srl
Main description
This study evaluates the heterogeneous impacts of the Kyoto Protocol and Paris Agreement on greenhouse gas emission reduction across diverse country groups, including OECD, EU, BRICS, Asian, and African nations. Employing fixed-effects panel regression and Difference-in-Differences methodologies, the research analyzes longitudinal data (1990-2020) to assess emission performance using absolute reductions and CO2 intensity metrics. Findings reveal significant disparities: OECD and EU nations demonstrate consistent progress in absolute and intensity-based reductions, while BRICS countries improve CO2 intensity but face rising absolute emissions. Asian and African nations show limited progress, constrained by financial and technological barriers. The study highlights the differentiated trajectories driven by Kyoto's rigid, binding commitments versus Paris's flexible, inclusive framework of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). Emerging economies benefit from intensity-based targets, balancing economic growth with emissions management. However, the lack of enforceable mechanisms under the Paris Agreement hinders uniform progress. This research underscores the need for tailored, equity-focused policy interventions to enhance climate governance. It emphasizes strengthening international cooperation, financing mechanisms, and monitoring systems to achieve the Paris Agreement's goals while addressing unique regional challenges and fostering sustainable development.
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